This paper shares insights from three long-standing financial alternative dispute resolution systems in Armenia, Australia, and Singapore with a goal to help strengthen financial consumer protection in Mongolia and other countries.

The aim of the study is to get deeper understanding of the key challenges that entrepreneurial households and micro-/smallholder farmers in agricultural production and processing sector in Armenia experience in the long-run.

Based on a literature review and case studies of various urban cash transfer schemes in response to the COVID-19 crisis, this paper explores the successes and challenges of implementing cash transfers in urban settings in response to a large, covariate shock.

This case study details specific conditions that make Armenia’s agricultural sector vulnerable to climate change, and steps that the Central Bank of Armenia has taken to cope with the effects of a warming climate.