This report presents findings on a survey of over 20,000 MSEs with over 4,000 interviews conducted, revealing opportunities for growth and greater efficiencies with use of digital products and services.

This report examines Brazil's progress in making its financial system more inclusive and the unique role of competition policy in achieving this aim.

This working paper presents an analytical framework to identify the potential exclusionary effect of climate-related financial sector regulation on the incentives and ability of financial service providers to lend to vulnerable segments in emerging markets and developing economies.

This report looks at the role credit unions play in supporting migrants and refugees in Brazil, Ecuador, Poland and the United States.

Drawing from interviews across Africa and Latin America, this report explores the challenges faced by female entrepreneurs and proposes solutions. 

This study shares insights from regulatory impact assessment conducted in Brazil, including its challenges and provides a framework for supervisors wanting to assess the impact of their regulatory frameworks in the future.

Through a combination of qualitative interviews, customer surveys and analysis of data from over 3.6 million Nubank customers, this research gathered a rich set of insights to inform how we can collectively close the gap between account access and a sense of sustainable financial security and health. 

This technical guide introduces the open finance self-assessment tool and development roadmap. It provides practical tools for policymakers to use to decide whether to implement an open finance regime to advance financial inclusion.

This working paper introduces the concept of an inclusive data ecosystem as one where low-income people’s data trails are used to improve their financial inclusion.

The main objective of this paper is to provide guidance on how to implement consumer consent protocols to access bank account data under open banking scenarios.